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Map of Ibero-America as a whole as well as Spain and Portugal
Ibero-America is a term which started to be used in the second half of the 19th century to refer collectively to the countries in the Americas which were formerly colonies of Spain or Portugal. Spain and Portugal are themselves included in some definitions, such as that of the Ibero-American Summit and the Organization of Ibero-American States. The Organization of Ibero-American States also includes Equatorial Guinea, in Central Africa.Presentación, Acerca de la OEI, Organización de Estados Iberoamericanos para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura. Accessed on line October 22, 2007.Países, Cumbres Iberoamericanas de Jefes de Estado y de Gobierno. Accessed on line October 22, 2007.
The prefix Ibero- refers to the Iberian peninsula in Europe, consisting of Spain, Portugal, Andorra, and Gibraltar. Ibero-America is formed by all Spanish-speaking countries in the Americas, in addition to Brazil, which is Portuguese-speaking, but excludes the French-speaking countries Haiti, French Guyana, Martinique and Guadeloupe. The exclusion of the French-speaking regions differentiates Ibero-America from Latin America, as well as the inclusion of the European states of the Iberian peninsula if they are included in the definition.
The term includes neither the United States (except for Puerto Rico), nor any of its fifty states, although a large part of its current territory was colonized by Spain and was under Spanish or Mexican rule longer than it has been under U.S. rule. (See History of Florida, History of Texas, Mexican Cession, and Gadsden Purchase.) While English is the most widely spoken language by far in the U.S., it has not designated an official language (though some states have done so), and Spanish-speakers compose the second-largest language community nationwide.
Since 1991, the Iberoamerican Community of Nations has organized yearly summits, attended by the heads of state and government of the Ibero-American countries, including Spain and Portugal.Ibero-American Summit, Foreign Office, Republic of Brazil. Accessed on line October 22, 2007.pp. 312–313, Spain: Democracy Regained, Ergasto Ramón Arango, Spain: Westview Press. ISBN 0813329159.
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